Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) Pada Usaha Kantin Sekolah di Indonesia

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) was launched by the government to improve student nutrition and stimulate the growth of MSMEs in the agricultural sector. However, this policy has generated negative externalities on the microeconomic ecosystem within schools. This study aims to analyze the impact of the MBG program implementation on the business continuity and household economy of school canteen operators. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method, data was collected through a literature review, field observations, and in-depth interviews with canteen operators at a junior high school in Padang. The findings reveal that the MBG program has significantly reduced student purchasing participation, leading to a drastic plunge in operators' turnover by 40% to 65%. This condition has forced them to significantly reduce their daily inventory volume from an average of 50 portions to 15-20 portions. Furthermore, the sustained income deficit has triggered business closures and the relocation of some operators. In conclusion, the implementation of the MBG program has caused an economic shock that threatens the livelihoods of school canteen operators. A comprehensive policy reevaluation and the design of inclusive mitigation strategies by the government are urgently needed to minimize economic losses for this group.

[Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) dicanangkan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan gizi siswa dan mendorong pertumbuhan UMKM sektor agrikultur. Namun, kebijakan ini memunculkan eksternalitas negatif terhadap ekosistem ekonomi mikro di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak implementasi program MBG terhadap kelangsungan usaha dan perekonomian rumah tangga pelaku usaha kantin sekolah. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui tinjauan literatur, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara mendalam pada pelaku usaha kantin di salah satu SMP di Kota Padang. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa program MBG secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat partisipasi belanja siswa, yang berimplikasi pada anjloknya omzet pedagang sebesar 40% hingga 65%. Kondisi ini memaksa pelaku usaha untuk mereduksi volume persediaan harian secara drastis dari rata-rata 50 porsi menjadi 15-20 porsi. Bahkan, defisit pendapatan yang berkelanjutan telah memicu penutupan usaha dan relokasi sebagian pedagang. Kesimpulannya, implementasi program MBG menimbulkan guncangan ekonomi yang mengancam mata pencaharian pelaku usaha kantin. Diperlukan revaluasi kebijakan dan rancangan strategi mitigasi yang inklusif dari pemerintah guna meminimalisasi kerugian ekonomi pada kelompok tersebut.]