Musyawarah Badunsanak: Conflict Resolution Efforts in Bungus Teluk Kabung Padang City

Abstract

This study examines the impact of divorce in a Minangkabau family in Bungus Teluk Kabung, West Sumatra, which adheres to a matrilineal kinship system. The main issues raised include two questions: first, how does divorce affect family structure and social relations in Minangkabau society, and second, what is the role of customary law and Islamic law, especially maqashid sharia, in resolving divorce cases and protecting the rights of women and children? This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a field approach, through in-depth interviews with affected individuals, traditional leaders, and officials of the Religious Court and KUA. The results show that divorce not only affects the couple, but also disrupts social stability and weakens the extended family structure. In the matrilineal system, children are still cared for by the mother, but women often bear the economic and social burden after divorce. Musyawarah badunsanak as a customary mechanism is still predominantly used, but has no formal legal force in guaranteeing the rights of women and children. On the other hand, the Religious Courts play an important role in upholding justice through the maqashid sharia approach, such as the protection of offspring (hifz an-nasl) and property (hifz al-mal). This study concludes that synergy between customary approaches and Islamic law is needed so that divorce can be resolved fairly and equitably in the local socio-cultural context.

[Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak perceraian dalam keluarga Minangkabau di Bungus Teluk Kabung, Sumatera Barat, yang menganut sistem kekerabatan matrilineal. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat meliputi dua pertanyaan pertama Bagaimana perceraian memengaruhi struktur keluarga dan relasi sosial dalam masyarakat Minangkabau?, dan kedua Bagaimana peran hukum adat dan hukum Islam, khususnya maqashid syariah, dalam menyelesaikan perkara perceraian serta melindungi hak perempuan dan anak? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan lapangan, melalui wawancara mendalam dengan individu terdampak, tokoh adat, serta aparat Pengadilan Agama dan KUA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceraian tidak hanya berdampak pada pasangan, tetapi turut mengganggu stabilitas sosial dan memperlemah struktur keluarga besar. Dalam sistem matrilineal, anak tetap diasuh oleh pihak ibu, namun perempuan sering memikul beban ekonomi dan sosial pascaperceraian. Musyawarah badunsanak sebagai mekanisme adat masih dominan digunakan, namun tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum formal dalam menjamin hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Di sisi lain, Pengadilan Agama memainkan peran penting dalam penegakan keadilan melalui pendekatan maqashid syariah, seperti perlindungan terhadap keturunan (hifz an-nasl) dan harta (hifz al-mal). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sinergi antara pendekatan adat dan hukum Islam sangat diperlukan agar perceraian dapat diselesaikan secara adil dan berkeadilan dalam konteks sosial-budaya lokal.]