Reconstructing al-Shafi'is Qiyas: Consistency and Legal Reasoning in Tayammum, Rada'ah, and Trade Zakat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70742/jcf.v1i2.1094Keywords:
Qiy?s; al-Sh?fi??; U??l al-Fiqh; Islamic Legal Reasoning.Abstract
This study aims to reconstruct Imam al-Sh?fi??’s qiy?s by examining its methodological consistency and legal reasoning across three domains of Islamic law: ?ib?d?t (worship), mun?kah?t (marriage and family law), and mu??mal?t (transactions). Although al-Sh?fi??’s theory of qiy?s has been widely discussed in u??l al-fiqh scholarship, studies systematically examining its methodological coherence across these domains remain limited. This study employs normative legal research using u??l al-fiqh, conceptual, and comparative approaches, with al-Umm as the primary source for analyzing al-Sh?fi??’s legal reasoning. The analysis focuses on three representative cases: tayammum as an analogy with wu??? in worship, the prohibition of marriage based on ra???ah (breastfeeding kinship) as an analogy with blood lineage in marriage law, and zak?t on trade assets as an analogy with zak?t on gold and silver in transactions. The findings indicate that these cases demonstrate a consistent methodological structure of qiy?s based on four essential elements: a?l, far?, ?illah, and ?ukm. The consistency is reflected not only in the formal structure of analogy but also in the function of ?illah as the basis for extending a legal ruling from the a?l to the far?. The principle al-?ukmu yad?ru ma?a ?illatihi provides an analytical framework for explaining this continuity across different legal domains. The study concludes that qiy?s in al-Sh?fi??’s legal thought constitutes not merely an analogical instrument but a structured and methodologically coherent mode of legal reasoning applicable across diverse areas of Islamic law.
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