El-Suffah: Jurnal Studi Islam

Multi Akad dalam Keuangan Syariah Kontemporer: Analisis Hukum, Etika, dan Maqashid al-Shari‘ah di Indonesia

Akbar Muhamad Ashoni — 2026-04-21

The rapid development of Islamic finance has driven the emergence of innovative financial products to address the growing complexity of contemporary transactions. One such innovation is the application of hybrid contracts (multi akad), defined as the combination of two or more contracts within a single transaction structure. While offering flexibility and efficiency, this practice raises significant legal and ethical concerns, particularly regarding the potential for ??lah (legal stratagems), the tendency toward formalistic compliance devoid of substantive meaning, and the gap between normative fatwas and actual operational practices. This study aims to critically analyze the practice of hybrid contracts through an integrative approach combining Islamic legal theory, ethics, and maq??id al-shar?‘ah. It employs a qualitative library-based research method, examining classical and contemporary fiqh literature, principles of u??l al-fiqh, fatwas issued by the Indonesian National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and relevant regulatory frameworks in Indonesia. The findings indicate that hybrid contracts are fundamentally permissible in Islamic commercial law, provided that each underlying contract is valid under Shar?‘ah and free from prohibited elements. However, contemporary practices reveal a tendency toward a mismatch between formal and substantive compliance, where certain hybrid structures may function as mechanisms for disguising elements of rib?. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a maq??id al-shar?‘ah-based analytical framework that emphasizes substantive compliance rather than mere formal adherence to fatwas. This framework offers an alternative perspective for evaluating hybrid contract practices by prioritizing justice, transparency, and public welfare as the core objectives of Shar?‘ah.

[Perkembangan Perkembangan ekonomi syariah yang pesat telah mendorong munculnya berbagai inovasi produk keuangan guna merespons kompleksitas transaksi modern. Salah satu inovasi tersebut adalah penerapan multi akad (hybrid contract), yaitu penggabungan dua atau lebih akad dalam satu rangkaian transaksi. Meskipun menawarkan fleksibilitas dan efisiensi, praktik ini menimbulkan persoalan hukum dan etika, terutama terkait potensi ??lah (rekayasa hukum), kecenderungan formalisasi akad tanpa substansi, serta adanya kesenjangan antara fatwa normatif dan praktik operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis praktik multi akad melalui pendekatan integratif yang menggabungkan perspektif hukum Islam, etika, dan maq??id al-shar?‘ah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka dengan mengkaji literatur fikih klasik dan kontemporer, kaidah u??l fiqh, fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional–Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI), serta regulasi terkait di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa multi akad pada prinsipnya dibolehkan dalam muamalah selama setiap akad yang digabungkan memenuhi ketentuan syar‘i dan bebas dari unsur yang dilarang. Namun demikian, praktik kontemporer memperlihatkan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara aspek formal dan substantif, di mana beberapa struktur multi akad berpotensi menjadi sarana penyamaran unsur riba. Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan melalui pengembangan kerangka analisis berbasis maq??id al-shar?‘ah yang menekankan pentingnya kepatuhan substantif (substantive compliance), bukan sekadar kepatuhan formal terhadap fatwa. Kerangka ini memberikan perspektif alternatif dalam menilai praktik multi akad dengan menitikberatkan pada nilai keadilan, transparansi, dan kemaslahatan sebagai tujuan utama syariah.]

Artificial Intelligence in Religious Education: A Comparative Ethical-Pedagogical Framework for Islam and Christianity in Nigeria

Moses Adeolu AGOI — 2026-04-29

This research examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) as an innovative approach in Religious Education (RE), with a comparative focus on Christian and Islamic educational contexts. It aims to explore the potential benefits, challenges, and ethical implications of integrating AI into faith-based learning. The study employs a qualitative literature review by analyzing recent research findings and empirical studies related to AI use in religious education. Data were drawn from scholarly articles, case studies, and educational reports addressing AI tools such as chatbots, adaptive learning systems, virtual assistants, and curriculum analytics in both Christian and Islamic settings. The findings indicate that AI can enhance religious learning by supporting personalized instruction, increasing access to educational resources, and promoting interactive learning experiences. In Islamic Religious Education, AI applications have been effective in improving accessibility and contextual understanding while emphasizing the need to align technology with religious values. Similarly, AI innovations in Christian education—such as adaptive scripture delivery and digital text analysis—have shown promise in engaging digital-age learners. However, ethical and theological concerns remain, including risks of technological dependence, data security issues, and potential weakening of spiritual relationships. This study concludes that responsible, value-oriented AI integration is essential to preserve doctrinal integrity while improving educational outcomes. Future research should focus on ethical AI governance, comparative religious education models, and large-scale evaluations of learning effectiveness

[Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan kecerdasan buatan (AI) sebagai pendekatan inovatif dalam Pendidikan Agama (RE), dengan fokus perbandingan pada konteks pendidikan Kristen dan Islam. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengeksplorasi potensi manfaat, tantangan, dan implikasi etis dari integrasi AI dalam pembelajaran berbasis agama. Studi ini menggunakan tinjauan literatur kualitatif dengan menganalisis temuan penelitian terbaru dan studi empiris terkait penggunaan AI dalam pendidikan agama. Data diperoleh dari artikel ilmiah, studi kasus, dan laporan pendidikan yang membahas alat AI seperti chatbot, sistem pembelajaran adaptif, asisten virtual, dan analisis kurikulum di lingkungan Kristen dan Islam. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa AI dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran agama dengan mendukung instruksi yang dipersonalisasi, meningkatkan akses ke sumber daya pendidikan, dan mempromosikan pengalaman pembelajaran interaktif. Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam, aplikasi AI telah efektif dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan pemahaman kontekstual sambil menekankan pentingnya menyelaraskan teknologi dengan nilai-nilai agama. Demikian pula, inovasi AI dalam pendidikan Kristen—seperti pengiriman teks suci yang adaptif dan analisis teks digital—telah menunjukkan potensi dalam melibatkan pembelajar di era digital. Namun, kekhawatiran etis dan teologis tetap ada, termasuk risiko ketergantungan teknologi, masalah keamanan data, dan potensi melemahnya hubungan spiritual. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) yang bertanggung jawab dan berorientasi nilai sangat penting untuk menjaga integritas doktrinal sambil meningkatkan hasil pendidikan. Penelitian di masa depan sebaiknya fokus pada tata kelola AI yang etis, model pendidikan agama yang komparatif, dan evaluasi skala besar mengenai efektivitas pembelajaran.]

Transparansi, Akuntabilitas, dan Kepercayaan Publik dalam Keuangan Sosial Islam: Bukti Empiris dari Lembaga Zakat di Indonesia

Bahtiar Effendi — 2026-04-29

This study offers a new contribution in the form of an integrative approach between the concept of Good Sharia Business Governance (GSBG) and local institution-based zakat management practices, as well as an empirical emphasis on the relationship between transparency, accountability, and increased public trust. The background of this study is grounded in the importance of good zakat governance to enhance public trust in zakat collection agencies. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation and in-depth interviews with management and relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that LAZISMU has implemented GSBG principles—including transparency, accountability, fairness, and participation—in the management of zakat, infak, and sedekah funds. Transparency is manifested through periodic financial reports accessible to the public and the involvement of zakat contributors in program evaluations. Accountability is implemented through clear standard operating procedures (SOPs), internal audits, and clarification mechanisms. Despite facing challenges such as limited human resources and the use of information technology, LAZISMU continues to improve its institutional capacity through training, strategic partnerships, and the development of a professional organizational culture. The conclusion of this study is that the consistent application of GSBG is capable of increasing public trust and the effectiveness of zakat fund management. Researchers recommend strengthening digital systems and enhancing human resource capacity as further strategic steps.

[Penelitian ini menawarkan kontribusi baru berupa pendekatan integratif antara konsep Good Sharia Business Governance (GSBG) dengan praktik pengelolaan zakat berbasis kelembagaan lokal, serta penekanan pada hubungan antara transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan peningkatan kepercayaan publik secara empiris. Latar belakang kajian ini didasari oleh pentingnya tata kelola zakat yang baik guna meningkatkan kepercayaan publik terhadap lembaga amil zakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap pengurus dan stakeholder terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LAZISMU telah menerapkan prinsip-prinsip GSBG seperti transparansi, akuntabilitas, keadilan, dan partisipasi dalam pengelolaan dana zakat, infak, dan sedekah. Transparansi diwujudkan dalam bentuk pelaporan keuangan berkala yang dapat diakses publik serta keterlibatan muzakki dalam evaluasi program. Akuntabilitas dilaksanakan melalui SOP yang jelas, audit internal, dan mekanisme klarifikasi. Meskipun menghadapi tantangan seperti keterbatasan SDM dan penggunaan teknologi informasi, LAZISMU terus melakukan perbaikan kelembagaan melalui pelatihan, kerja sama strategis, dan pembentukan budaya organisasi yang profesional. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan GSBG secara konsisten mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat dan efektivitas pengelolaan dana zakat. Peneliti merekomendasikan penguatan sistem digital dan peningkatan kapasitas SDM sebagai langkah strategis lanjutan.]

Institutionalizing Islamic Education Reform: The Role of Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama in Promoting Moderate Islam in Morocco

Hafiz Ad-Din Tj — 2026-05-13

Morocco has emerged as one of the leading models of moderate Islamic education in the contemporary Muslim world through the integration of classical Islamic scholarship and modern educational reform. Previous studies on Islamic institutions in Morocco have predominantly focused on state religious policies and traditional Islamic education, while limited attention has been given to the institutional role of Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama in promoting moderate Islam and educational transformation. This study aims to analyze the role of Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama in institutionalizing Islamic education reform and strengthening wasathiyah (moderate) Islam in Morocco. The research employs a qualitative library research approach by examining books, journal articles, institutional reports, and official documents related to Islamic education and religious moderation in Morocco. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify the organization’s strategic roles and contributions. The findings reveal that Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama plays a significant role in curriculum reform, scholar and teacher training, interfaith dialogue, and the dissemination of inclusive Islamic values through educational and social programs. The institution also contributes to strengthening religious moderation and countering extremism in contemporary Moroccan society. This study contributes to contemporary Islamic studies by demonstrating how Islamic institutions can negotiate tradition and modernity while preserving religious legitimacy in the global era.

[Maroko muncul sebagai salah satu model utama pendidikan Islam moderat di dunia Muslim kontemporer melalui integrasi tradisi keilmuan Islam klasik dan reformasi pendidikan modern. Penelitian terdahulu mengenai institusi Islam di Maroko lebih banyak berfokus pada kebijakan keagamaan negara dan pendidikan Islam tradisional, sementara kajian tentang peran institusional Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama dalam mempromosikan Islam moderat dan transformasi pendidikan masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama dalam menginstitusionalisasikan reformasi pendidikan Islam dan memperkuat Islam wasathiyah di Maroko. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka melalui telaah buku, artikel jurnal, laporan kelembagaan, dan dokumen resmi terkait pendidikan Islam dan moderasi beragama di Maroko. Data dianalisis menggunakan thematic content analysis untuk mengidentifikasi peran strategis dan kontribusi organisasi tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rabithah Muhammadiyah lil Ulama memiliki peran penting dalam reformasi kurikulum, pelatihan ulama dan guru, dialog antaragama, serta penyebaran nilai-nilai Islam inklusif melalui program pendidikan dan sosial. Institusi ini juga berkontribusi dalam memperkuat moderasi beragama dan menangkal ekstremisme di masyarakat Maroko kontemporer. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada studi Islam kontemporer dengan menunjukkan bagaimana institusi Islam mampu menegosiasikan tradisi dan modernitas tanpa kehilangan legitimasi keagamaan di era global.]

The Belt and Road Initiative and Islamic Trade Networks: Chinese Traders and Economic Transformation in Morocco

Maulana Malik Ibrahim — 2026-05-28

China seeks to revive the historical glory of the ancient Silk Road through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims to connect China with various countries across Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa in order to strengthen trade cooperation and economic development. Since 2017, the migration of Chinese citizens to Morocco has increased significantly, particularly after the Kingdom of Morocco abolished visa requirements for Chinese nationals. This policy reflects the strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries and has contributed to the growing number of Chinese traders in Derb Omar, the largest commercial hub in Casablanca. This study aims to analyze the influence of the BRI on the role of Chinese traders in Derb Omar within the dynamics of the local economy. In addition, it examines the interactions between Chinese traders and local merchants, as well as their impact on economic growth in the area. Using a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, the findings indicate that the BRI policy and visa exemption have had a significant impact on global trade development as well as the local economy in Morocco.