Journal of Contemporary Fiqh

Maqasid al-Syariah dalam Fikih Kontemporer di Era Kecerdasan Buatan: Menuju Etika Algoritmik Global

Wahidah Z Wahidah Z — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant transformations across various aspects of human life, including economics, education, healthcare, law, and religious practices. These transformations have generated new ethical challenges that cannot be fully addressed through technological approaches alone. This article aims to analyze the relevance of maqasid al-shariah in the development of contemporary fiqh as a foundation for establishing global algorithmic ethics in the era of artificial intelligence. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through the analysis of literature on contemporary fiqh, maqasid al-shariah theory, as well as studies on technology ethics and artificial intelligence. The findings reveal that the principles of maqasid al-shariah, such as the protection of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), lineage (hifz al-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal), possess strong relevance in responding to issues related to digital algorithms, data privacy, AI bias, information manipulation, and inequality in technological access. The maqasid approach functions not only as a normative instrument within Islamic law but also as a universal ethical framework emphasizing public welfare, justice, transparency, and social responsibility in the development of global technology. This article argues that the integration of maqasid al-shariah with contemporary AI discourse can generate an adaptive, humanistic, and responsive fiqh paradigm capable of addressing the dynamics of modern digital civilization.

Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah menghadirkan transformasi besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, mulai dari ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, hukum, hingga praktik keberagamaan. Perubahan tersebut memunculkan tantangan etis baru yang tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijawab melalui pendekatan teknologi semata. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis relevansi maqasid al-syariah dalam pengembangan fikih kontemporer sebagai dasar pembentukan etika algoritmik global di era kecerdasan buatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan melalui analisis terhadap literatur fikih kontemporer, teori maqasid al-syariah, serta kajian etika teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip maqasid al-syariah, seperti perlindungan agama (hifz al-din), jiwa (hifz al-nafs), akal (hifz al-‘aql), keturunan (hifz al-nasl), dan harta (hifz al-mal), memiliki relevansi kuat dalam merespons persoalan algoritma digital, privasi data, bias kecerdasan buatan, manipulasi informasi, serta ketimpangan akses teknologi. Pendekatan maqasid tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen normatif dalam hukum Islam, tetapi juga mampu menjadi kerangka etik universal yang menekankan kemaslahatan, keadilan, transparansi, dan tanggung jawab sosial dalam pengembangan teknologi global. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi maqasid al-syariah dengan diskursus AI kontemporer dapat melahirkan paradigma fikih yang adaptif, humanis, dan responsif terhadap dinamika peradaban digital modern.

Rekonstruksi Diskresi Hakim dalam Mengadili Perkara Jinayat Berbasis Fiqh Kontemporer

Mansari Mansari, Vi Nurjannah — Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan diskresi hakim dalam perkara jinayat di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh, khususnya ketika putusan yang dijatuhkan berbeda dari tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum. Permasalahan penelitian berangkat dari adanya ketentuan dalam hukum acara jinayat yang memberikan kewenangan kepada hakim untuk menjatuhkan uqubat yang lebih berat, lebih ringan, atau berbeda jenis dari tuntutan penuntut umum. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai batas penggunaan diskresi hakim serta implikasinya terhadap kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan perlindungan hak terdakwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik penerapan diskresi hakim dalam perkara jinayat serta penggunaan diskresi yang ideal dalam sistem peradilan jinayat di Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual yang menelaah norma hukum, prinsip peradilan pidana, serta doktrin mengenai independensi hakim dan due process of law. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitis melalui penelaahan peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diskresi hakim dalam praktik peradilan jinayat digunakan untuk menyesuaikan putusan dengan fakta persidangan, namun belum didukung oleh parameter pertimbangan yang konsisten sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan disparitas putusan. Konsep penggunaan diskresi yang ideal memerlukan pedoman pertimbangan yang jelas dan terukur agar kebebasan hakim tetap sejalan dengan prinsip kepastian hukum, keadilan, serta perlindungan hak terdakwa.

Dari Turath ke Otoritas Transnasional: Transformasi Fikih dalam Dunia Digital

Khairuddin Khairuddin — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital transformation has reshaped the production, distribution, and legitimacy of fiqh authority in contemporary Muslim societies. This study aims to analyze the shift of fiqh authority from turath-based traditions toward transnational authority in the digital world. The research employs a qualitative approach using library research with socio-historical and critical discourse analysis. Data were collected from classical turath texts, scientific journals, Islamic digital media, online fatwa platforms, and related literature on digital fiqh. The findings reveal that digital media do not eliminate the authority of turath, but rather reconfigure the ways fiqh knowledge is produced and disseminated globally. Contemporary fiqh authority has become more fluid, transnational, and influenced by media popularity and digital networks. This study concludes that the transformation of digital fiqh represents an epistemological shift that constructs new patterns of religious legitimacy in global Muslim societies.

Transformasi digital telah mengubah pola produksi, distribusi, dan legitimasi otoritas fikih dalam masyarakat Muslim kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan otoritas fikih dari basis turath menuju otoritas transnasional dalam dunia digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis library research melalui analisis sosio-historis dan analisis diskursus kritis. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kitab-kitab turath, artikel jurnal ilmiah, media digital keislaman, situs fatwa daring, dan literatur terkait fikih digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media digital tidak menghapus otoritas turath, tetapi merekonfigurasi cara pengetahuan fikih diproduksi dan disebarkan secara global. Otoritas fikih kontemporer berkembang lebih cair, transnasional, dan dipengaruhi oleh popularitas media serta jaringan digital. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transformasi fikih digital merupakan perubahan epistemologis yang membentuk pola baru legitimasi keagamaan dalam masyarakat Muslim global.

Problematika Legalitas Pernikahan Beda Agama di Indonesia: Perspektif Fiqh Kontemporer dan Hak Asasi Manusia (Analisis Penetapan Nomor 1139/Pdt.P/2018/PN.Jkt.Sel)

Rizkal Rizkal, Aski Handriani — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage stipulates that the validity of a marriage is determined by the religious laws and beliefs of the parties entering into the marriage. However, in Decision Number 24/Pdt.P/2018/PN.Jkt.Sel, the South Jakarta District Court granted an application for an interfaith marriage permit. This decision raises significant juridical concerns, as interfaith marriage remains a contested issue within both the Indonesian legal system and Islamic law. This study aims to analyze the ratio decidendi employed by the panel of judges in granting the interfaith marriage application and to assess its compatibility with the principles of Islamic law. The research adopts a normative juridical method utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The data consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the judges based their legal reasoning on Article 35 of Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration, the consent of the parties and their families, and the fact that the marriage would be solemnized according to Protestant Christian rites. These considerations were used as a basis for protecting the constitutional right of citizens to marry. Nevertheless, from the perspective of Islamic law, the decision is inconsistent with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, which generally do not permit interfaith marriages. Therefore, there is a need for legal harmonization and clearer regulatory provisions governing interfaith marriage in order to ensure legal certainty, consistency in judicial decisions, and coherence between national law and religious legal principles.

Pengasuhan Anak Pasca Perceraian: Analisis Fikih Kontemporer terhadap Praktik Peradilan

Muhammad Rifai Manik — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700