Maqasid al-Syariah dalam Fikih Kontemporer di Era Kecerdasan Buatan: Menuju Etika Algoritmik Global

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant transformations across various aspects of human life, including economics, education, healthcare, law, and religious practices. These transformations have generated new ethical challenges that cannot be fully addressed through technological approaches alone. This article aims to analyze the relevance of maqasid al-shariah in the development of contemporary fiqh as a foundation for establishing global algorithmic ethics in the era of artificial intelligence. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through the analysis of literature on contemporary fiqh, maqasid al-shariah theory, as well as studies on technology ethics and artificial intelligence. The findings reveal that the principles of maqasid al-shariah, such as the protection of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), lineage (hifz al-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal), possess strong relevance in responding to issues related to digital algorithms, data privacy, AI bias, information manipulation, and inequality in technological access. The maqasid approach functions not only as a normative instrument within Islamic law but also as a universal ethical framework emphasizing public welfare, justice, transparency, and social responsibility in the development of global technology. This article argues that the integration of maqasid al-shariah with contemporary AI discourse can generate an adaptive, humanistic, and responsive fiqh paradigm capable of addressing the dynamics of modern digital civilization.

Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah menghadirkan transformasi besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, mulai dari ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, hukum, hingga praktik keberagamaan. Perubahan tersebut memunculkan tantangan etis baru yang tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijawab melalui pendekatan teknologi semata. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis relevansi maqasid al-syariah dalam pengembangan fikih kontemporer sebagai dasar pembentukan etika algoritmik global di era kecerdasan buatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan melalui analisis terhadap literatur fikih kontemporer, teori maqasid al-syariah, serta kajian etika teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip maqasid al-syariah, seperti perlindungan agama (hifz al-din), jiwa (hifz al-nafs), akal (hifz al-‘aql), keturunan (hifz al-nasl), dan harta (hifz al-mal), memiliki relevansi kuat dalam merespons persoalan algoritma digital, privasi data, bias kecerdasan buatan, manipulasi informasi, serta ketimpangan akses teknologi. Pendekatan maqasid tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen normatif dalam hukum Islam, tetapi juga mampu menjadi kerangka etik universal yang menekankan kemaslahatan, keadilan, transparansi, dan tanggung jawab sosial dalam pengembangan teknologi global. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi maqasid al-syariah dengan diskursus AI kontemporer dapat melahirkan paradigma fikih yang adaptif, humanis, dan responsif terhadap dinamika peradaban digital modern.