Delik Tuduhan Zina terhadap Pasangan Suami Istri dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam

Abstract

The accusation of adultery in a marital relationship is a sensitive issue that has serious implications for individual honor, household integrity, and social order. In Islamic criminal law, adultery is categorized as a hud?d offense with severe legal consequences, but accompanied by very strict standards of proof as a form of protection of human dignity. This study aims to examine the concept of adultery and its proof, analyze the position of the accusation of adultery as a criminal offense (qadzf), and explain the law on the accusation of adultery against a married couple from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh jinayah). This study uses a normative-juridical method with a fiqh jinayah and ushul fiqh approach. Data sources were obtained through a literature study of the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical and contemporary fiqh books. The results show that the accusation of adultery without sharia proof is a qadzf offense that has strict legal consequences, including criminal sanctions and the loss of credibility of the perpetrator's testimony. In the domestic context, Islamic law provides a specific mechanism in the form of li'?n (recourse to justice) as a just and proportional legal solution. This research confirms that accusations of adultery against a married couple are only valid according to sharia if pursued through the li'?n mechanism. Thus, Islamic criminal law presents itself as a legal system that emphasizes caution, protection of honor, and public welfare, while eliminating the possibility of accusations based solely on prejudice and emotion.

Tuduhan zina dalam relasi suami istri merupakan persoalan sensitif yang memiliki implikasi serius terhadap kehormatan individu, keutuhan rumah tangga, dan ketertiban sosial. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, zina dikategorikan sebagai jar?mah hud?d dengan konsekuensi hukum yang berat, namun disertai standar pembuktian yang sangat ketat sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap martabat manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep zina dan pembuktiannya, menganalisis kedudukan tuduhan zina sebagai delik pidana (qadzf), serta menjelaskan hukum tuduhan zina terhadap pasangan suami istri dalam perspektif fiqh jinayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif-yuridis dengan pendekatan fiqh jinayah dan ushul fiqh. Sumber data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap Al-Qur’an, Hadis, serta kitab-kitab fiqh klasik dan kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tuduhan zina tanpa pembuktian syar‘i merupakan jar?mah qadzf yang memiliki konsekuensi hukum tegas, termasuk sanksi pidana dan hilangnya kredibilitas kesaksian pelaku. Dalam konteks rumah tangga, syariat Islam menyediakan mekanisme khusus berupa li‘?n sebagai solusi hukum yang adil dan proporsional. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa tuduhan zina terhadap pasangan suami istri hanya sah secara syar‘i apabila ditempuh melalui mekanisme li‘?n. Dengan demikian, hukum pidana Islam hadir sebagai sistem hukum yang menekankan kehati-hatian, perlindungan kehormatan, dan kemaslahatan, serta menutup ruang bagi tuduhan berbasis prasangka dan emosi semata.