Abdurrauf Science and Society

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variability and Agricultural Resilience in Nasarawa State, Nigeria: Implications for Climate Adaptation

Gagbanyi C. T, Oruonye E.D., Benjamin E. B — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall across the Northern, Southern, and Western zones of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, from 1997 to 2023. The analysis integrates multiple rainfall variables annual rainfall, number of rain days, rainfall onset, cessation, and growing season length (LGS) within a unified regional framework, which is a novel approach for understanding climate variability in this region. Monthly rainfall data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) were analyzed using Mann-Kendall test and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) variability analysis to assess trends and variability. The results reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in rainfall, with the Northern and Western zones experiencing irregular rainfall onset, delayed cessation, and fluctuating LGS. In contrast, the Southern zone exhibited a comparatively stable rainfall distribution. These variations underscore the challenges posed to agricultural productivity, especially in the Northern and Western zones, where inconsistent rainfall and shorter growing seasons prevail. The study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive regional analysis that combines onset, cessation, and LGS variables to improve understanding of rainfall variability. The findings emphasize the need for region-specific climate adaptation strategies, including enhanced water management and the adoption of drought-resistant crops, to bolster agricultural resilience.

Manajemen Kehadiran dan Pembinaan Disiplin Peserta Didik: Studi Kasus di SMP Negeri 33 Makassar

Andi Ratu Ayuashari, Andi Tenri Abeng — Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Student attendance management and discipline development play an important role in creating an orderly and conducive learning environment. However, studies that integrate attendance systems with discipline development strategies within the framework of student management at the junior secondary school level remain limited, particularly in practical school contexts. This study aims to analyze the implementation of attendance systems and discipline development strategies for students at SMP Negeri 33 Makassar. This research employs a qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through interviews with homeroom teachers, guidance and counseling teachers, and the vice principal for student affairs, supported by school documentation. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the attendance system implemented combines manual and digital methods to improve the accuracy of monitoring student attendance. Discipline development is carried out in stages through the roles of homeroom teachers, guidance and counseling teachers, and coordination with parents and school authorities. In addition, the implementation of a point-based system for violations and positive behavior serves as an educational discipline strategy without the use of physical punishment. The findings highlight that collaboration among teachers, school leaders, and parents is a key factor in improving student discipline and attendance. This study contributes to strengthening educational management practices through an integrated model of attendance management and character-based discipline development in schools.

[Manajemen kehadiran dan pembinaan disiplin peserta didik memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang tertib dan kondusif. Namun, kajian yang mengintegrasikan sistem absensi dengan strategi pembinaan disiplin dalam perspektif manajemen peserta didik di tingkat sekolah menengah pertama masih terbatas, khususnya dalam konteks praktik di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi sistem absensi serta strategi pembinaan disiplin peserta didik di SMP Negeri 33 Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan wali kelas, guru bimbingan dan konseling (BK), serta wakil kepala sekolah bidang kesiswaan, yang diperkuat dengan dokumentasi kegiatan sekolah. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem absensi yang diterapkan menggunakan kombinasi manual dan digital untuk meningkatkan akurasi pemantauan kehadiran siswa. Pembinaan disiplin dilakukan secara bertahap melalui peran wali kelas, guru BK, serta koordinasi dengan orang tua dan pihak sekolah. Selain itu, penerapan sistem poin pelanggaran dan poin positif menjadi strategi pembinaan disiplin yang bersifat edukatif tanpa hukuman fisik. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa kolaborasi antara guru, pimpinan sekolah, dan orang tua menjadi faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan dan kehadiran peserta didik. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada penguatan praktik manajemen pendidikan melalui model pengelolaan kehadiran yang terintegrasi dengan pembinaan disiplin berbasis karakter di lingkungan sekolah.]

Reframing Academic and Cultural Tourism for Sustainable Development: Evidence and Policy Insights from India’s Knowledge Economy

Abdal Ahmed, Rohit Rastogi, Sofia Ali, Vikas Kumar, Sumera Sumera — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Tourism is now one of the fastest-growing industries globally and plays a vital role in boosting economic growth, fostering cultural exchange, and supporting sustainable development. In India, a country known for its rich cultural diversity and expanding educational infrastructure, academic and cultural tourism are gaining increasing significance. This study examines the contribution of these two forms of tourism to sustainable development in India. Academic tourism includes student mobility, educational exchange programs, and research collaborations that facilitate knowledge dissemination and economic generation. Cultural tourism focuses on heritage sites, traditions, festivals, and arts, contributing to cultural preservation as well as social and economic advancement. The study adopts a descriptive research design and is based on secondary data collected from research articles, government reports, and policy documents. It evaluates the economic, environmental, and social impacts of academic and cultural tourism, while also identifying key challenges such as environmental degradation, overcrowding, and the commercialization of culture. This study offers a novel integrated perspective by jointly analysing academic and cultural tourism as complementary drivers of sustainable development, an area that has received limited combined attention in existing literature. It further contributes by proposing a conceptual linkage between knowledge exchange and cultural preservation within the sustainability framework, highlighting their interdependent role in achieving long-term development goals in India. The findings indicate that both academic and cultural tourism significantly contribute to sustainable development by enhancing educational outcomes, generating employment, and safeguarding cultural heritage. However, maximising these benefits requires effective policy interventions, active community participation, and the adoption of sustainable tourism practices to mitigate adverse impacts.

Dari Hukuman Ke Pemulihan : Transformasi Penegakan Hukum Melalui Restorative Justice

Henny Saida Flora, Khairuddin Khairuddin — Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The transformation of the criminal justice system from a punishment-oriented approach toward recovery-oriented justice has become a significant issue in contemporary legal reform. However, the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including inconsistent law enforcement practices, limited regulatory harmonization, and the dominance of retributive legal culture. This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice within the Indonesian criminal justice system and evaluate its effectiveness in realizing fair, humanistic, and recovery-oriented justice. This research employs normative juridical methods using statutory, conceptual, and doctrinal approaches through the examination of legislation, legal doctrines, and restorative justice practices in Indonesia. The study finds that restorative justice contributes to accelerating case resolution, reducing prison overcrowding, strengthening victim recovery, and promoting social reconciliation between offenders, victims, and society. Nevertheless, its implementation remains constrained by limited understanding among law enforcement officials, the potential abuse of authority, and the absence of uniform operational standards. This article contributes theoretically by positioning restorative justice as a transformative paradigm in Indonesian criminal law reform and practically by offering policy recommendations for strengthening recovery-oriented law enforcement systems. Therefore, strengthening legal regulations, improving the capacity of law enforcement institutions, and enhancing public participation are essential to optimize restorative justice implementation in Indonesia.

[Transformasi sistem peradilan pidana dari pendekatan yang berorientasi pada penghukuman menuju keadilan yang berorientasi pada pemulihan menjadi isu penting dalam reformasi hukum modern. Namun demikian, implementasi restorative justice di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti belum harmonisnya regulasi, perbedaan praktik antar aparat penegak hukum, serta dominannya budaya hukum yang bersifat retributif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi restorative justice dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia serta mengkaji efektivitasnya dalam mewujudkan keadilan yang adil, humanis, dan berorientasi pada pemulihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan doktrinal melalui kajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta praktik penerapan restorative justice di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restorative justice mampu memberikan penyelesaian perkara yang lebih cepat, mengurangi overcrowding lembaga pemasyarakatan, memperkuat pemulihan korban, serta mendorong rekonsiliasi sosial antara pelaku, korban, dan masyarakat. Akan tetapi, implementasinya masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan pemahaman aparat penegak hukum, potensi penyalahgunaan kewenangan, serta belum adanya standar operasional yang seragam. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dengan menempatkan restorative justice sebagai paradigma transformasi dalam reformasi hukum pidana Indonesia serta kontribusi praktis berupa rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memperkuat sistem penegakan hukum yang berorientasi pada pemulihan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat guna mengoptimalkan penerapan restorative justice di Indonesia.]

Effort of Poverty Alleviation with Towuntu Theology in the GMIM Moriah Towuntu Church

Jenins Boy Mandalele, Linda Patricia Ratag, I Ketut Suwetja — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Poverty remains a multidimensional and persistent social issue in many rural communities in Indonesia, including Southeast Minahasa Regency. Previous studies on poverty alleviation have primarily emphasized economic and structural approaches, while limited attention has been given to contextual theological frameworks as community-based empowerment models. This study aims to analyze the role of Towuntu Theology as a contextual and faith-based approach to sustainable poverty alleviation within the GMIM Moriah Towuntu congregation. This research employed a qualitative exploratory design using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Eight informants were selected through snowball sampling based on their socioeconomic conditions and involvement in church life. Data validity was strengthened through triangulation of sources and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that poverty within the congregation is influenced not only by structural-economic limitations but also by low social motivation, dependency culture, and weak participation in communal and spiritual activities. The study identifies three major dimensions of Towuntu Theology for community transformation: (1) biblical reflection through worship and spiritual formation, (2) practical empowerment through work ethics and economic productivity, and (3) missiological service through social care and educational support. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of Towuntu Theology as a contextual theological model integrating spirituality, community empowerment, and sustainable social transformation. This model contributes to the development of faith-based poverty alleviation discourse within Global South theology and practical theology studies.