Abdurrauf Social Science

Revisiting Shi’a Influence in Idrisid Morocco: Governance, Legitimacy, and the Reconfiguration of Religious Identity

Muhammad Farhan — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study revisits the influence of Shi’a in the context of the Idrisid Dynasty in Morocco through a political sociology perspective. It aims to analyze how religious legitimacy, particularly claims of descent from the Prophet Muhammad (Ahl al-Bayt), functioned as a foundation of political authority as well as a mechanism for the construction of religious identity in the early Maghrib. In addition, the study explores how this influence has been represented and reinterpreted in both historical narratives and contemporary socio-religious contexts. This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, drawing upon classical historical sources and modern academic studies relevant to the Idrisid period and the early development of Shi’a. The analysis focuses on the relationship between power, legitimacy, and identity within society. The findings indicate that Shi’a affiliation in the context of the Idrisid Dynasty was primarily symbolic and political rather than a fully institutionalized theological system. Genealogical claims to the Ahl al-Bayt played a crucial role in strengthening political legitimacy amid social fragmentation and intergroup conflict. Over time, this influence underwent socio-cultural transformation, resulting in diverse interpretations within contemporary Moroccan society, both in the form of cultural practices and religious discourse. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between religion and power in Islamic history, while also offering a critical perspective on the process of reconfiguring religious identity within modern social dynamics.

The Prisoner Assimilation Policy from a Proportionality Perspective: A Critical Analysis of Rights, Power, and Social Transformation

Djian Fadilla, Surya Perdana — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the problems of the inmate assimilation policy that creates tension between the protection of prisoners' rights and the interests of public security in the perspective of the principle of proportionality. The main problem lies in the lack of optimal application of the principle of proportionality in assimilation policies, especially in the context of emergency conditions that affect the direction of policies and their implementation in the field. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze how the principle of proportionality is applied, as well as identify the influence of power relations on the formation and implementation of assimilation policies and their implications for social transformation. This research uses a literature method with a normative-critical approach through analysis of relevant laws and regulations, policy documents, and academic literature. The data used includes primary sources in the form of regulations and policies, as well as secondary sources in the form of books, scientific journals, and the results of previous research. The results of the study show that the application of the principle of proportionality in assimilation policies is not consistent and tends to be influenced by power dynamics and emergency situations. In conclusion, a reconstruction of assimilation policies that are more proportionate, transparent, accountable, and oriented towards the balance of justice is needed.

Optimizing Prison Law Enforcement to Prevent Recidivism

Muhammad Rizki Manurung, Ismail Koto — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Recidivism of inmates in Indonesian prisons is still a serious problem, especially related to narcotics abuse and possession of illegal communication devices. This phenomenon shows that there are gaps in the law enforcement system and coaching programs, which has implications for the low effectiveness of rehabilitation and the risk of repetition of criminal acts. This study aims to analyze the optimization of prison law enforcement as a strategy to prevent recidivism of inmates. The method used is library research with the collection of primary and secondary data from literature, books, journals, official reports, and previous research related to the correctional system, criminal law, and inmate development programs. Data is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify patterns, relationships, and important information relevant to the research objectives. Research findings show that formal law enforcement without the support of a holistic coaching program tends to be less effective in preventing recidivism. The integration between strict disciplinary sanctions, educational coaching, psychological rehabilitation, and inmate independence training has proven to be more effective in reducing the risk of repetition of criminal acts. This research provides a basis for the development of correctional policies that are more responsive, fair, and oriented towards the social reintegration of prisoners, while enriching the study of correctional law theoretically and practically.

New Penal Paradigm: Proportional and Restorative Strategies to Manage Overcrowding at Class I Tanjung Gusta Detention Center

Agung Adipa Dewantara Siregar, MHD. Teguh Syuhada Lubis — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study highlights overcrowding in the Class I State Prison Tanjung Gusta Medan as a consequence of the dominance of prison sentences and excessive detention practices in the Indonesian criminal justice system. This problem is structural because it is rooted in the orientation of repressive penal policies and the application of alternative sanctions has not been optimal. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statute approach and is supported by literature studies on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code marks a paradigm shift from a retributive approach to a corrective, rehabilitative, and restorative approach, with imprisonment as the ultimate remedium. The implementation of alternative criminal justices, such as social work crimes, supervision crimes, diversion, restorative justice, and the optimization of integration programs (assimilation and parole), has been proven to have the potential to suppress the influx of new prisoners, increase the effectiveness of coaching, and maintain the proportionality of punishment. Preventing overcrowding requires consistency in the application of the new paradigm so that the penal system runs rationally, risk-based, and fair.

Enhancing Reading Culture in Nigerian TVET Institutions: Institutionalizing Structured Library-Based Reading Sessions for Academic Improvement

Olayemi Tosin Ajayi, Lambert A. Ihebuzor — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the effectiveness of structured, library-based weekly reading sessions as a mechanism for improving reading culture and academic performance among students in Nigerian Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. Using a mixed-methods longitudinal design, data were collected from 133 National Diploma students through self-reported survey responses, interviews, focus group discussions, and academic records. The intervention consisted of mandatory one-hour weekly reading sessions conducted in the institutional library over one academic session. Findings revealed that 85% of participants reported increased reading engagement, 72% improved motivation, and 65% enhanced comprehension. Academic performance improved significantly, with mean GPA increasing from 2.45 to 2.95, supported by paired sample t-test results (p < .001). Qualitative findings further revealed that structured environments, peer interaction, and accountability mechanisms contributed to sustained reading habits. The study concludes that structured reading sessions represent a viable and scalable institutional strategy for strengthening reading culture in TVET contexts. Policy implications include curriculum integration of reading programs, improved library infrastructure, and interventions to manage digital distractions.

Legal Protection Of Minority Shareholders Of Companies In Indonesia

Oloan Tua Partempuan, Adi Mansar — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research offers a new approach by emphasizing the reconstruction of the decision-making mechanism in the GMS that is not only oriented towards the principle of majority vote (majority rule), but also integrates the principle of substantive justice for minority shareholders. The novelty lies in the effort to formulate a more progressive model of legal protection through the application of the principle of equitable governance, namely the balance between majority power and the protection of minority rights within the structure of a limited liability company. This situation creates an imbalance in legal standing and potentially leads to arbitrary actions by the majority shareholder. This study aims to analyze the form and effectiveness of legal protection for minority shareholders in decision-making at the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS). Using normative juridical research methods and a statutory approach, as well as case studies, this study finds that legal protection for minority shareholders is regulated in the Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT), but its implementation still faces many obstacles. The dominance of the majority shareholder, information asymmetry, and limited law enforcement mechanisms are the main factors that reduce the effectiveness of this protection. This study recommends strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and optimizing dispute resolution mechanisms.

Legal and Institutional Frameworks for DPRD-Led Post-Disaster Recovery in Urban and Regency Areas

Muhammad Yopie Aulia Insan Nasution, Rahmat Ramadhani — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the legal and institutional authority of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in post-disaster rehabilitation policies at the district and city level. The research focuses on the DPRD’s legislative, budgetary, and oversight functions as mandated by Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning MPR, DPR, DPD, and DPRD. Findings indicate that the DPRD possesses both legal and political legitimacy to influence the formulation and implementation of post-disaster rehabilitation policies, positioning it as a key actor in ensuring that reconstruction efforts address not only physical infrastructure but also fundamental community rights, such as housing, health, education, and sustainable livelihoods. However, the study reveals that the practical exercise of DPRD authority remains limited. Its functions tend to be procedural and formalistic, with insufficient alignment between budget allocations, legislation, and the actual needs of disaster-affected communities. Limited community participation in policymaking further contributes to a gap between intended policies and outcomes. The study suggests that strengthening the DPRD’s role requires a shift toward proactive and substantive engagement, including the development of region-specific post-disaster regulations, enhanced oversight mechanisms, and participatory approaches that involve affected communities. Optimizing these functions would allow the DPRD to ensure more effective, inclusive, and sustainable post-disaster rehabilitation governance.

Toward Effective Preventive Criminal Policy in Village Financial Governance: Evidence from the Village Guard Prosecutor Program in Simalungun District

Sanda Wiarhan Yahya Gultom, Faisal Riza — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Village financial management is a key component of village autonomy as regulated by Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The significant increase in village fund allocations has not been matched by adequate human resource capacity, legal understanding, or effective oversight, increasing the risk of irregularities and corruption. Repressive criminal policies are considered ineffective as they are implemented only after financial losses occur, making preventive approaches more necessary. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a preventive criminal policy approach through the Village Guard Prosecutor Program in Simalungun District. It employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, using interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that irregularities mainly arise from abuse of authority, weak supervision, and low legal awareness among village officials. The program applies preventive measures through legal counseling, administrative assistance, proactive supervision, and the use of technology, contributing to improved legal awareness, transparency, and accountability. However, challenges persist, including limited human resources, low legal and technological literacy, and weak inter-agency coordination. Overall, this approach demonstrates a promising direction toward more effective and accountable village financial governance.

Legal Certainty in Performance-Based Civil Servant Promotions: The Role of Individual Performance Targets

Syafriadi Lubis, Rahmat Ramadhani — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Civil servant (PNS) performance assessment constitutes a fundamental basis for career advancement, particularly in promotion processes, and therefore must ensure legal certainty and objectivity. From a state administrative law perspective, performance assessment represents an administrative act with direct legal consequences for the status and rights of civil servants. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing civil servant promotions and to examine the role of Individual Performance Targets (SKP) as a parameter of legal certainty. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches to assess relevant legal norms and doctrines. The findings indicate that promotion decisions qualify as administrative decisions whose validity depends on objective, measurable, and procedurally compliant performance assessments. However, in practice, SKP is frequently treated as a formal administrative requirement and does not adequately reflect substantive performance. The novelty of this study lies in positioning SKP as a legal parameter in determining the validity of promotion decisions. The study recommends strengthening the substantive implementation and monitoring of SKP to ensure legal certainty and protection of civil servant rights.

Socio-Cognitive Dynamics in Chemistry Education: A Vygotskian Analysis of Collaborative Learning Practices

Hassan Aliyu, Corrienna Abdul Talib — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study evaluated the influence of a structured collaborative learning environment on secondary school students’ academic engagement and conceptual understanding in chemistry. Guided by Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development, a quasi-experimental design was employed with 240 participants divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in Jigsaw II and peer-led team learning strategies, while the control group received traditional lecture-based instruction. Data were collected using a Chemistry Performance Test, a motivation questionnaire, and classroom observations. Results indicated a statistically significant and large positive effect on academic performance for the experimental group. Collaborative learning also enhanced intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and the perceived value of peer interaction. However, its impact on reducing general chemistry anxiety was moderate. The findings affirm social constructivism as a viable framework for teaching complex chemical concepts and highlight the importance of specific social interaction patterns, such as peer modeling and cognitive conflict resolution, in facilitating mastery. This study provides evidence for integrating collaborative pedagogies into secondary chemistry curricula to develop both conceptual understanding and essential interpersonal competencies.