Ketidaksetaraan Gender, Wahabisme Dan Visi Saudi 2030: Kritik Feminisme Postkolonial Melawan Ketidakadilan Di Arab Saudi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70742/arlash.v2i1.199Keywords:
Postcolonial Feminism, Wahhabism, Saudi Vision 2030Abstract
This research analyzes gender inequality in Saudi Arabia within the contexts of Wahhabism and Saudi Vision 2030 using Chandra Talpade Mohanty's postcolonial feminist perspective. Through qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach, this study examines how Wahhabi doctrine has shaped practices that restrict women's roles through the guardianship system, driving ban, and gender segregation. Saudi Vision 2030 has brought significant reforms such as lifting the driving ban, relaxing the guardianship system, and increasing women's workforce participation from 17% (2016) to 33% (2020). However, critical analysis reveals that these reforms function more as instruments of economic modernization and international image improvement rather than fundamental transformations in gender relations. Based on Mohanty's theory, this research identifies three key findings: (1) the importance of understanding gender inequality within specific socio-historical contexts, (2) recognition of Saudi women as active agents negotiating their rights through various forms of resistance, and (3) understanding the intersection between gender policies, global economics, and geopolitics. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of gender equality struggles in non-Western contexts.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis ketidaksetaraan gender di Arab Saudi dalam konteks Wahabisme dan Visi Saudi 2030 menggunakan perspektif feminisme postkolonial Chandra Talpade Mohanty. Melalui metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, studi ini mengkaji bagaimana doktrin Wahabi telah membentuk praktik-praktik yang membatasi peran perempuan melalui sistem perwalian, larangan mengemudi, dan segregasi gender. Visi Saudi 2030 telah membawa reformasi signifikan seperti pencabutan larangan mengemudi, pelonggaran sistem perwalian, dan peningkatan partisipasi perempuan dalam angkatan kerja dari 17% (2016) menjadi 33% (2020). Namun, analisis kritis menunjukkan bahwa reformasi ini lebih merupakan instrumen modernisasi ekonomi dan perbaikan citra internasional daripada transformasi fundamental dalam relasi gender. Berdasarkan teori Mohanty, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tiga temuan utama: (1) pentingnya memahami ketidaksetaraan gender dalam konteks sosio-historis spesifik, (2) pengakuan perempuan Saudi sebagai agen aktif yang menegosiasikan hak mereka melalui berbagai bentuk resistensi, dan (3) pemahaman terhadap interseksi antara kebijakan gender, ekonomi global, dan geopolitik. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih nuansa tentang kompleksitas perjuangan kesetaraan gender dalam konteks non-Barat.
Kata kunci: Feminisme Postkolonial, Wahabisme, Visi Saudi 2030
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